learning

-


QN1) What is problem based learning and project based learning describe?
An: Problem based learning:समस्यामा आधारित सिकाइ भन्नाले प्रतिदिन वास्तविक जीवन कार्यसँग सम्वन्धित समस्यालाइ वढी जोड दिने सिकाइलाइ वुझिन्छ ।समस्यामा आधारित सिकाइले आधिकारिक समस्यामा केन्द्रित भइ समस्या समाधानमा सँलग्न हुदा सिकाइ सम्भव हुने गर्दछ ।जस्तै कुनै वास्तविक प्रदर्शनमा lj¢fyL{हरूले प्रदर्शन सम्वन्धि योजना बनाउने,सँगठन गर्ने ,व्यवस्थित गर्ने,मानिसहरूलाइ वुझाउने cflb;Fu ;Dalwt ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ub{5g .
Project based learning: o;df lj¢fyL{n] jf:tljs / cy{k'0f{ ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg u/L 7f]; pTkfbg ub{5g eg] To;}nfO{ g} kl/of]hgfdf cfwfl/t l;sfO elgG5 .kl/of]hgfdf cfwfl/t l;sfO / ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t l;sfOnfO{ slxn]sfxLF Pp6} ?kdf lng] ul/G5 .tyfkL oL b'O{ lardf km/s kfOG5 , h:t} kl/of]hgfdf cfwf/lt l;sfOn] ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t l;sfOeGbf j9L /rgfTds tl/sfnfO{ Wofg lbg] ub{5 . kl/of]hgfdf cfwfl/t l;sfOsf % j6f ljz]iftfx? 5g\ .
!_lgb]{lzt k|Zg-Driving Questions):- l;sfO o;df d'Vo k|Zgx?jf6 lgb]{lzt x'g] ub{5 / To;}sf cfwf/df ;d:of ;dfwfg ul/G5 .

@_cflwsf/Ls / cjl:ytLhGo vf]hL-Authentic and situated inquiry):-hj lj¢fyL{n] d'Vo Kf|Zgx?nfO{ d'Nofª\sg ub{5g To; a]nf ltlgx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf k|lqmofx?sf af/]df l;Sb5g .o:tf] l;sfO sg} lj1 / bIf JolQmaf6 k|lzlIft ul/G5  / ;do ;Gbe{;Fu ;DalGwt u/fOG5 .

#_;xsfo{-Collaboration):-s'g} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL lzIfs ,lj¢fyL{,;d'bfosf JoflStx? Tyf lj1x?sf] ;xsfo{af6 ;DkGg ul/G5 .
$_;xof]u-Scaffolding):-o; lsl;dsf] l;sfOdf lj¢fyL{n] ;fdfGo?kdf h] h:tf] s'/f l;s]sf 5g Tof] eGbf klg cem cuf8L hfgsf nfuL lj¢fyL{nfO r'gf}lt lbOG5 .o;sf nfuL cfjZos ;xof]u ;d]t k|bfg ul/G5 / ;f]xL cg'?k pmgLx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ub{5 .
%_pTkfbg-End product):-lj¢fyL{n] 7f]; / pTkfbgd'ns k|flKt ;[hgf ub{5g h;n] lgb]{lzt / d'Vo k|Zgx?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ub{5 .
       cGTodf ;d:of ;dfwfg eGGffn] nIo k|fKQ ug{sf nfuL ;jeGbf pko'SQ tl/sf jf af6f] kQf nufpg] sfo{nfO{ j'lemG5 .;d:of ;dfwfgsf r/0fx? cGtu{t ;d:of kQf nufpg] / To;sf] k|f?k tof/ kfg{' ,c;n ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] /0flgtL ljsfz ug'{ ,lgsflnPsf] ;dfwfgsf] d'Nofªsg ug'{ / ;do ;dodf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] af/]df k'glr{Gtg / k'gkl/efiff ug{' h:tf sfo{x? kb{5g.

QN2) What is concept? What are the ways for prompting concept formation?
Ans:-;fdfGo cy{df cjwf/0ffnfO{ pl2ksx?sf] ju{ eGg] ul/G5 . h;df ;femf ljz]iftfx? /x]sf x'G5g\ .cjwf/0f x'gsf nfuL k|To]sdf ;femf ljz]iftfx? ljwdfg x'g'kb{5 .cjwf/0fsf ljz]iftfx? ljlzi6 x"G5g / lolgx? ;+ªVof, d'No / k|efjsf lx;fjn] klg km/s km/s x'G5g . d'No eGgfn] pl2ksdf ePsf] ljz]if lsl;dsf] ljljwtf xf] . To;}u/L ;+ªVof klg u'0fsf] wf/0ff cg'?k km/skm/s x'g] ub{5 .k|efj eg]sf] j:t'sf u'0fx?df c?eGbf a9L :k:6tf /x]sf] ljz]iftf xf] .o;y{ ;dfg ljz]iftf ePsf j:t'sf] ;d'x,36gf Pj+ u'0fx?nfO{ cjwf/0ff elgG5 .
        cjwf/0ffsf s]xL k|sf/nfO{ lgDgcg';f/ JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .
s_ conjunctive concept:-o; cjwf/0ffx? ljleGg u'0fx?sf d'NonfO{ PsLs[t / :f+o'SQ ?kdf k|:t'tL ul/G5 . o;sf pbfxf/0fsf ltg lgnf rs|nfO{ lng ;lsG5  h:t} M o;df ;Fª\Vof, /ª\u / rs|x? ;+o"St?kdf b]lvG5g .
v_ Disjuctive concept :- obL cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ u'0fsf cfwf/df 5'6|6fpg / lae]b ug{ ;lsb}g eg] To;nfO{ c;+of]lht cjwf/0ff elgG5 . o;df pko'Qm u'0fsf] d'No cyjf csf{] s'g} u'0f jf d'Nox? k|:t't ul/G5 . To:tf] cjwf/0ffdf u'0f / d'Nox? Ps csf{]sf] nfuL k|lt:yfkg ul/G5 .
u_ Rational concept :- olb u'0fx?ljr ljlzi6 lsl;dsf] ;DjGw /x]sf] x'G5 eg] To;}nfO{ g} ;Djwdf cfwfl/t cjwf/0ff xf] . o:tf cjwf/0ffx? Al/i7, slgi7, df]6f], kftnf] ,pQ/, blIf0f h:tf ljlzi6 kIfx?df cfwfl/t x'G5 .
        Ways for promoting concept formation
(a)  Learning the feature of concept
(b) Defining concept and providing example
(c)  Hierarchical categorization and concept map
(d) Hypothesis testing
(e)  Prototype matching
a)     Learning the feature of concept:- cjwf/0ff lgdf{0fsf] d'Vo kIf eg]sf] g} cjwf/0fsf] d'Vo ljz]iftf / u'0fx?sf] jf/]df l;Sg' xf] . cjwf/0ffsf d'Vo kIf / cfofdx? o;sf ljz]iftf / u'0fx? 5g h;n]  Pp6f cjwf/0ffnfO{ csf]{ cjwf/0ffjf6 5'6\6fp5 .
b)    Defining concept and providing example:- wf/0f l;sfO{df ;j}eGbf dxTjk'0f{ kIf eg]sf] g} wf/0ffnfO{ :k:6;+u JofVof ug{' / To;;+u pko'Qm x'g] pbfxf/0f k|:t't ug{' xf] .l6GgL;g / sf]l5\cl/Nnf sf cg';f/ “lgod pbfxf/0f /0flgtL” Pp6f dXTjk'0f{ / k|d'v k|efjsf/L tl/sf xf] . o;sf klg rf/ k|sf/ 5g .
a)     Define the concept
b)    Classify  term in the definition
c)     Give example to illustrate the key feature & characterstices
d)    Provide additional example
c)     Hierarchical  categorization  & concept map :- cjwf/0ffsf] jlu{s/0f Pp6f dXTjk'0f{ kIf xf] lsgeg] Psk6s jlu{s/0f ul/;s]k5L To; ju{sf] k|ltlgwL jf6 To;sf u'0f / ljz]iftf nfO{ u|x0f ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . h:t} ljBfyL{nfO{ Triceratop eGgfn] Reptile xf]  eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ;Sb5g , Reptile sf] cfwf/df To; Triceratop nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sb5g . Triceratop eg]sf] Ps lsl;dsf] 8fOg]Zj/ xf] eGg] s'/f slxNo} geg]sf] eP klg logLx? of] ;l/;[k xf] eGg] s'/f cg'dfg ug{ ;Sb5g .o;/L cjwf/0ffsf] ju{ jGb} To;df :ki6tf Nofpg ;lsG5 .
d)    Hypothesis testing:- kl/sNkgf eGgfn] ljlzi6 eljiojf0fL / cg'dfg x'g h;nfO{ kl/If0f ul/ z'¢tfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/G5 . kl/sNkgf k|dfl0ft ug{] Pp6f tl/sf eg]sf] lsg s]xL j:t'x? cjwf/0ff cGt/ut kb{5g / s]xL kb{}gg eGg] ;DjGwdf ljleGg lgodx? ljsf; ug'{ kb{5g .
e)     Prototype matching:- s'g} vf; cjwf/0ffsf] ju{;Fu ;Djlwt ljlzi6 tTj  jf kb;Fu t'ngf u/L Tof]  tTj jf kb To; ju{sf] ;b:o xf] jf xf]O{g elg lg0f{o ug'{ g} d'n:j?kdf ldnfg xf] .
o;/L lo tl/sfx? ckgfP/ cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f nfO{ j9jf lbg ;lsG5 .

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

psychology two questions n their answer

-
1) Describes the cognitive development of adolescence and its educational implication . Piaget's (1936) theory of cognitive development explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment. Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development which reflect the increasing sophistication of children's thought: 1. Sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2) 2. Pre-operational stage (from age 2 to age 7) 3. Concrete operational stage (from age 7 to age 11) 4. Formal operational stage (age 11+ - adolescence and adulthood). Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years but its physical, psychological or cultural e...
Read more

thread

-
Image
www.studtonight.com/operating-system What are Threads? Thread is an execution unit which consists of its own program counter, a stack, and a set of registers. Threads are also known as Lightweight processes. Threads are popular way to improve application through parallelism. The CPU switches rapidly back and forth among the threads giving illusion that the threads are running in parallel. As each thread has its own independent resource for process execution, multpile processes can be executed parallely by increasing number of threads. Types of Thread There are two types of threads : User Threads Kernel Threads User threads , are above the kernel and without kernel support. These are the threads that application programmers use in their programs. Kernel threads are supported within the kernel of the OS itself. All modern OSs support kernel level threads, allowing the kernel to perform multiple simultaneous tasks and/or to service multiple kernel system calls simultaneou...
Read more